Scientific References: Tibetan Pharmacy

Tibetan Pharmacy formulations reflect more than fifty years of Tibetan Sowa Rigpa practice, bringing together traditional formulation knowledge, researched ingredient activities, and my clinical experience.

Integrating traditional formulation knowledge with ingredients investigated for their biological activities, each is designed to address interconnected aspects of illness while supporting the individual’s strength, physiological balance, and recovery.

Antimicrobial, Antiviral and Inflammatory Research

Coptis / berberine: Study of the anti-MRSA activity of Rhizoma coptidis by chemical fingerprinting and broth microdilution methods.

Berberine: In vitro Antimicrobial Activity and the Mechanism of Berberine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bloodstream Infection Patients.

Andrographis / andrographolide: Andrographolide attenuates inflammation by inhibition of NF-kappa B activation through covalent modification of reduced cysteine 62 of p50.

Andrographis: A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical evaluation of extract of Andrographis paniculata (KalmCold) in patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection.

Houttuynia cordata: Immunomodulatory and anti-SARS activities of Houttuynia cordata.

Houttuynia cordata: Houttuynia cordata blocks HSV infection through inhibition of NF-κB activation.

Houttuynia cordata: Flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata attenuate H1N1-induced acute lung injury in mice via inhibition of influenza virus and Toll-like receptor signaling.

Terminalia chebula: Extraction and purification of effective antimicrobial constituents of Terminalia chebula RETS. against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Terminalia chebula: Sustained release of a purified tannin component of Terminalia chebula from a titanium implant surface prevents biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus.

Platycodon grandiflorum / platycodin D: Platycodin D, a natural component of Platycodon grandiflorum, prevents both lysosome- and TMPRSS2-driven SARS-CoV-2 infection by hindering membrane fusion.

Forsythia suspensa: Antiviral effect of forsythoside A from Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl fruit against influenza A virus through reduction of viral M1 protein.

Licorice / glycyrrhizin: Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus.

Licorice / glycyrrhizin: Glycyrrhizin Effectively Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication by Inhibiting the Viral Main Protease.

Uncaria tomentosa: Randomized double blind trial of an extract from the pentacyclic alkaloid-chemotype of Uncaria tomentosa for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Immune Function and Cancer-Related Research

Astragalus and Codonopsis: Effects of Astragalus and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides on alveolar macrophage phagocytosis and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mice exposed to PM2.5.

Codonopsis pilosula: A Polysaccharide Isolated from Codonopsis pilosula with Immunomodulation Effects Both In Vitro and In Vivo.

Ligustrum lucidum: Bioactivity-guided isolation of immunomodulatory compounds from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum.

Ligustrum lucidum: Ligustrum lucidum Ait. fruit extract induces apoptosis and cell senescence in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through upregulation of p21.

Astragalus and Ligustrum: Preliminary observations on the effects of the Chinese medicinal herbs Astragalus membranaceus and Ligustrum lucidum on lymphocyte blastogenic responses.

Andrographolide: Andrographolide Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells by Interfering with NF-κB and PI3K/AKT Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo.

Salvia miltiorrhiza / tanshinone IIA: Experimental study of the anti-cancer mechanism of tanshinone IIA against human breast cancer.

Salvia miltiorrhiza / tanshinone IIA: Tanshinone IIA, an isolated compound from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, induces apoptosis in HeLa cells through mitotic arrest.

Scutellaria baicalensis: Anticancer activity of Scutellaria baicalensis and its potential mechanism.

Scutellaria baicalensis: Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by Scutellaria baicalensis.

Rehmannia glutinosa: Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide promoted activation of human dendritic cells.

Cognitive Function, Nervous System and Stress Research

Polygala tenuifolia: BT-11 is effective for enhancing cognitive functions in the elderly humans.

Polygala tenuifolia: Effects of BT-11 on memory in healthy humans.

Huperzine A: Mechanism of inhibition of cholinesterases by huperzine A.

Phosphatidylserine: Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment.

Gotu kola / Centella asiatica: Centella asiatica increases hippocampal synaptic density and improves memory and executive function in aged mice.

Gotu kola / Centella asiatica: Loss of NRF2 accelerates cognitive decline, exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction, and is required for the cognitive enhancing effects of Centella asiatica during aging.

Rehmannia glutinosa: Rehmannia glutinosa ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.

Schisandra chinensis: Schisandra chinensis protects against dopaminergic neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the BDNF/Nrf2/NF-κB pathway in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson’s disease mice.

Uncaria rhynchophylla: Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Neuroprotective Compounds from Uncaria rhynchophylla against Beta-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity.

Acorus tatarinowii: A herbal medicine for Alzheimer’s disease and its active constituents promote neural progenitor proliferation.

Albizia julibrissin: Two Lignan Glycosides from Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Noncompetitively Inhibit Serotonin Transporter.

Withania somnifera: Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Cognitive Functions in Healthy, Stressed Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Lycium barbarum: Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) Consumption with a Healthy Dietary Pattern Lowers Oxidative Stress in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Terpene Research

β-Caryophyllene: Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid. The cannabinoid CB₂ receptor-selective phytocannabinoid beta-caryophyllene exerts analgesic effects in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.

Myrcene: Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Properties of the Cannabis Terpene Myrcene in Rat Adjuvant Monoarthritis.

D-Limonene: Limonene-induced activation of A2A adenosine receptors reduces airway inflammation and reactivity in a mouse model of asthma.

α-Pinene and β-pinene: Biological activities of α-pinene and β-pinene enantiomers. α-Pinene, linalool, and 1-octanol contribute to the topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of frankincense by inhibiting COX-2.

Linalool: Linalool reverses neuropathological and behavioral impairments in old triple transgenic Alzheimer’s mice.

Linalool: Protective effects of linalool against amyloid beta-induced cognitive deficits and damages in mice.

Geraniol: Geraniol inhibits biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and increase the therapeutic effect of vancomycin in vivo.

Geraniol: Geraniol eradicates Candida glabrata biofilm by targeting multiple cellular pathways.

Nerolidol: Neutrophil Immunomodulatory Activity of Nerolidol, a Major Component of Essential Oils from Populus balsamifera Buds and Propolis.

Nerolidol: Cis-Nerolidol Inhibits MAP Kinase and NF-κB Signaling Pathways and Prevents Epithelial Tight Junction Dysfunction in Colon Inflammation.

Terpinolene and α-phellandrene: Wound healing activity of terpinolene and α-phellandrene by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro.

α-Phellandrene: α-Phellandrene, a cyclic monoterpene, attenuates inflammatory response through neutrophil migration inhibition and mast cell degranulation.

p-Cymene: p-Cymene modulates in vitro and in vivo cytokine production by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB activation.

3-Carene: 3-Carene, a Phytoncide from Pine Tree Has a Sleep-enhancing Effect by Targeting the GABA-A–benzodiazepine Receptors.

Sabinene: Phytochemical Repurposing of Natural Molecule: Sabinene for Identification of Novel Therapeutic Benefits Using In Silico and In Vitro Approaches.

Ocimene: Ocimene mitigates pyroptosis through TLR4/NLRP3-mediated mechanisms in CFA-induced inflammation.